Medok Lifesciences Private Limited

Methylcobalamin (also called mecobalamin) is an active form of Vitamin B12. Vitamin B12, primarily used to treat and prevent vitamin B12 deficiency and associated conditions, particularly those affecting the nervous system. The ER stands for Extended Release, meaning the tablet is designed to release the vitamin slowly over time for longer-lasting effects.

• 1500 mcg (micrograms) per tablet

• Extended release formulation – taken once daily, with or without food

• Available alone or combined with other nutrients (like folic acid, alpha-lipoic acid, or B-complex)

• Peripheral neuropathy (nerve pain or tingling, especially in hands and feet)

• Diabetic neuropathy

• Vitamin B12 deficiency

• Megaloblastic anemia

• Fatigue, weakness, or memory problems due to low B12

• Supportive therapy in neurological disorders like sciatica or trigeminal neuralgia

Amitriptyline Hydrochloride + Methylcobalamin Tablet:

This tablet is a nerve pain relief combination containing:

• Amitriptyline Hydrochloride – a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that also works as a nerve pain modulator and sleep aid

• Methylcobalamin (also called Mecobalamin) – the active form of Vitamin B12, essential for nerve repair and regeneration

This combination is primarily used to treat neuropathic pain and related conditions, including:

• Diabetic neuropathy

• Sciatica, nerve compression pain, or trigeminal neuralgia

• Fibromyalgia

• Peripheral nerve disorders due to B12 deficiency

• Chronic pain with sleep issues

• Headaches and migraines
• Back and muscular pain
• Dental pain and toothache
• Menstrual cramps (period pain)
• Joint pain and inflammation, including some forms of arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis)
• Sore throat and symptoms of cold and flu
• Post-operative pain management (under medical supervision) 

Methylprednisolone Tablets IP are a prescription corticosteroid (steroid) medication used to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions. Here's a comprehensive and easy-to-understand guide:

• A synthetic corticosteroid that mimics natural hormones from your adrenal glands.

• Reduces inflammation, suppresses the immune system, and helps with allergic, autoimmune, and inflammatory conditions.

• Medrol

• Steron

• Predmet

• Methypred

Usually comes in tablets of:

• 4 mg

• 8 mg

• 16 mg

This combination tablet (Nimesulide, Phenylephrine HCl, Cetirizine HCl, Caffeine) is used for multi-symptom relief from the common cold, flu, and allergies, tackling pain, fever, inflammation, nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and fatigue by acting as an analgesic, decongestant, antihistamine, and stimulant.

�� What Is It?

This is a combination medicine that includes:

1. Nimesulide – a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)

2. Phenylephrine Hydrochloride – a nasal decongestant (alpha-adrenergic agonist)

Together, they are used to relieve pain, inflammation, and nasal congestion associated with cold, flu, and sinusitis.

This tablet is commonly prescribed for:

• Common cold symptoms

• Sinusitis

• Headache with nasal congestion

• Fever with body pain

• Seasonal flu or allergic rhinitis

Indomethacin is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to reduce pain, inflammation, swelling, and fever. The 75 mg capsule is often an extended-release (SR) or delayed-release formulation, providing longer-lasting effects.

Indomethacin 75 mg is commonly prescribed for:

• Rheumatoid arthritis

• Osteoarthritis

• Ankylosing spondylitis

• Gouty arthritis (acute gout attacks)

• Lower back pain, shoulder pain, and other musculoskeletal disorders

• Postoperative pain and inflammation

Indomethacin inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins — substances responsible for pain, fever, and inflammation.

Cefuroxime Axetil 500 mg is an antibiotic used to treat a wide range of bacterial infections in adults and children. The "Alu-Alu" refers to the packaging type (aluminum-aluminum blister pack) which helps protect the medicine from moisture and light.

�� Strength & Form

• Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets IP 500 mg

• Taken orally, usually twice daily

• Should be taken after food to improve absorption

• Broad-spectrum antibiotic

• Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

• Bactericidal (kills bacteria rather than just stopping growth)

Cefpodoxime proxetil 100 mg dispersible tablets are an antibiotic used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections in the body. This medication is not effective against viral infections like the common cold or flu.
�� Form & Strengths

• Common strengths: 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg

• Dispersible tablets can be chewed or dissolved in a small amount of water and taken orally.

Cefpodoxime is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, such as:

• Upper respiratory infections (pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis)

• Lower respiratory infections (bronchitis, mild pneumonia)

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Skin and soft tissue infections

• Otitis media (middle ear infections in children)

• Typhoid fever (mild to moderate cases)

Cefpodoxime inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to cell death. It is bactericidal and works against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Rifaximin is a broad-spectrum, non-absorbable antibiotic that acts primarily in the intestines. It is minimally absorbed into the bloodstream, making it ideal for treating infections localized in the gut.

Rifaximin 200 mg tablets are commonly used for:

• Traveler’s diarrhea (caused by E. coli)

• Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D)

• Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO)

• Hepatic encephalopathy (to reduce ammonia-producing gut bacteria – usually higher doses used)

• Relapsing or chronic gut infections

Ketoconazole 1% w/w Soap is a medicated antifungal soap used to treat and prevent fungal and yeast infections of the skin and scalp. It contains 1% weight/weight of ketoconazole, a broad-spectrum antifungal agent.

• Ketoconazole belongs to the imidazole class of antifungals.

• It works by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis, a vital component of fungal cell membranes.

• This causes the fungal cells to break down and die, eliminating the infection.

Used for treating and preventing:

• Tinea infections (ringworm, athlete’s foot, jock itch)

• Seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff, flaky scalp)

• Pityriasis versicolor (fungal discoloration of the skin)

• Fungal body odor and rashes, especially in moist areas (groin, underarms)

• Recurring fungal infections in humid climates

Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) is a bile acid-based medication used to treat various liver and gallbladder disorders, especially those involving bile flow problems. The "IP" stands for Indian Pharmacopoeia, confirming quality and formulation standards.

• A naturally occurring bile acid used to:

  • Improve bile flow

  • Protect liver cells

  • Dissolve cholesterol gallstones

• Udiliv

• Ursocol

• Ursofit

• Udihep

• Ursofalk

• 150 mg

• 300 mg

• 450 mg

• 600 mg

Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Tablet is a medication primarily used to treat liver and gallbladder disorders, especially those involving bile flow problems. Here's a detailed overview:

• Also known as ursodiol.

• It’s a naturally occurring bile acid.

• Taken in tablet or capsule form to improve bile flow, dissolve certain types of gallstones, and protect liver cells.

• Ursodiol

• Ursofalk

• Udiliv

• Ursocol

• Udihep

• 150 mg

• 300 mg

• 450 mg

• 600 mg

Dosing depends on body weight and condition being treated.

1. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)

   • Autoimmune liver disease affecting bile ducts.

2. Cholestatic liver diseases

   • Conditions where bile cannot flow from the liver to the duodenum.

3. Gallstone dissolution

   • Especially cholesterol gallstones in patients who can't have surgery.

4. Prevention of gallstones

   • Often after rapid weight loss (e.g., after bariatric surgery).

5. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (off-label in some cases)

Piroxicam Dispersible Tablet is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used to relieve pain, inflammation, and swelling in various conditions, especially in children or people who have difficulty swallowing standard tablets.

• A dispersible tablet is designed to dissolve quickly in water or disintegrate in the mouth.

• Useful for pediatric patients, elderly, or those with swallowing difficulties.

• Piroxicam is an NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug).

• Belongs to the oxicam group.

• Works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes, which reduces the production of prostaglandins—chemicals responsible for pain, swelling, and inflammation.

This is a combination medication used mainly to treat neuropathic pain. It contains:

• Amitriptyline Hydrochloride – a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) that also works as a nerve pain modulator

• Methylcobalamin (Methycobalamin) – the active form of Vitamin B12, essential for nerve health and regeneration

This combination is commonly prescribed for:

• Peripheral neuropathy (especially diabetic nerve pain)

• Sciatica, trigeminal neuralgia, fibromyalgia

• Chronic back pain with nerve involvement

• Vitamin B12 deficiency-related nerve pain

• Sleep disturbances associated with chronic pain

This is a triple-action anti-inflammatory and pain relief medication, often used in orthopedic, dental, and post-operative settings to manage pain, swelling, and tissue healing.

This combination is commonly prescribed for:

• Joint pain (arthritis, spondylitis)

• Post-surgical inflammation and pain

• Muscle or ligament injuries

• Dental pain or swelling

• Trauma-related swelling and bruising

• Tendonitis and bursitis

• Typically: 1 tablet twice daily (morning and evening), after food.

• Dose and duration depend on condition severity and doctor’s advice.

Cefuroxime Axetil is an oral second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is a prodrug that converts to cefuroxime in the body and works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial death.

• Cefuroxime Axetil Tablets IP 500 mg

• Taken orally, usually twice daily

• Should be taken after food to improve absorption

• Broad-spectrum antibiotic

• Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria

• Bactericidal (kills bacteria rather than just stopping growth)

This is a broad-spectrum antibiotic combination used to treat a variety of bacterial infections. The "IP" indicates that the formulation complies with the Indian Pharmacopoeia standards.

1. Amoxicillin

   • A penicillin-type antibiotic that kills bacteria by inhibiting cell wall synthesis.

2. Clavulanate Potassium (Clavulanic Acid)

   • A beta-lactamase inhibitor that protects amoxicillin from degradation by beta-lactamase enzymes produced by some resistant bacteria.

• 375 mg = 250 mg Amoxicillin + 125 mg Clavulanate

• 625 mg = 500 mg Amoxicillin + 125 mg Clavulanate

• 1000 mg (1 g) = 875 mg Amoxicillin + 125 mg Clavulanate

Always check the strength and take it exactly as prescribed.

• Augmentin

• Moxikind-CV

• Clavam

• Augpen

• Curam

Used to treat infections such as:

• Respiratory tract infections (e.g., sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia)

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Ear infections (otitis media)

• Skin and soft tissue infections

• Dental infections

• Bone and joint infections

Rifaximin is a broad-spectrum, gut-selective antibiotic used mainly for intestinal infections and conditions related to bacterial overgrowth in the gut.

• Rifaximin is a non-absorbable antibiotic, meaning it works locally in the intestines with minimal systemic absorption.

• It is derived from rifamycin but does not enter the bloodstream significantly, making it safer for long-term gut use.

• Xifaxan

• Rifagut

• Rifakem

• Rixmin

Rifaximin 550 mg is commonly prescribed for:

1. Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Diarrhea (IBS-D)

   • Helps reduce symptoms like bloating, loose stools, and abdominal discomfort.

2. Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE)

   • Used to reduce ammonia-producing gut bacteria in patients with liver disease.

3. Traveler’s Diarrhea

   • Caused by E. coli, though the 200 mg dose is usually used here.

4. Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) (off-label)

   • Commonly prescribed in functional gut disorders to reduce bacterial overgrowth.

5. Clostridium difficile relapse prevention (off-label or in combination)

The combination of Trypsin, Chymotrypsin, Paracetamol, and Diclofenac Potassium in a single tablet is a multi-action anti-inflammatory and pain-relief medication. It is typically used to manage pain, swelling, and inflammation associated with musculoskeletal injuries or post-operative recovery.

Here’s a clear and detailed breakdown:

This combination is typically prescribed for:

• Muscle strains or sprains

• Post-operative pain and swelling

• Sports injuries

• Dental or jaw surgery recovery

• Arthritis or joint pain

• Trauma-induced inflammation

Metformin Hydrochloride is an oral anti-diabetic medication used to manage Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It belongs to a class called biguanides and is often the first-line treatment for diabetes.

• Available as Immediate Release (IR) or Extended Release (ER/XR) tablets

• Common strengths: 250 mg, 500 mg, 850 mg, 1000 mg

• Type 2 diabetes mellitus – to lower blood glucose levels

• Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) – to regulate periods and improve insulin sensitivity

• May also be used for prediabetes or weight management in insulin-resistant patients (off-label use)

Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) Tablet is a medication primarily used to treat liver and gallbladder-related conditions, especially those involving bile flow problems or cholesterol gallstones.

• Ursodeoxycholic Acid is a naturally occurring bile acid.

• It helps improve bile flow, reduce liver inflammation, and dissolve cholesterol-rich gallstones.

• Ursofalk

• Udiliv

• Ursocol

• Udihep

• Ursodiol

• 150 mg

• 300 mg

• 450 mg

• 600 mg

Dosing is usually based on body weight and the condition being treated.

Ursodeoxycholic acid is used for:

1. Primary Biliary Cholangitis (PBC)

   • An autoimmune liver disease affecting bile ducts.

2. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy

   • A liver disorder during pregnancy (off-label use in some countries).

3. Gallstone Dissolution

   • Specifically cholesterol gallstones in patients not eligible for surgery.

4. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hepatitis

   • Sometimes used as supportive treatment.

5. Cystic fibrosis-related liver disease

   • To improve bile flow in pediatric patients (under specialist care).

• With food, ideally a fatty meal to improve absorption.

• Usually taken once or twice daily, as prescribed.

• Duration: Often long-term (months to years) in chronic liver disease.

• Typically 10–15 mg/kg/day, divided into 1 or 2 doses.

  • Example: A 60 kg adult may take 600–900 mg/day, depending on the condition.

Gabapentin and Nortriptyline Tablets is a combination medication used primarily for the management of neuropathic pain. This combination leverages the synergistic effects of Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant with nerve pain-relieving properties, and Nortriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant known for its analgesic effects in chronic nerve-related pain conditions.
Uses and Indications:

• Neuropathic Pain Management: Relieves long-lasting nerve pain characterized by burning, tingling, shooting, or stabbing sensations.
• Diabetic Neuropathy: Treats nerve damage and associated pain specifically caused by diabetes.
• Post-Herpetic Neuralgia: Manages persistent nerve pain that occurs after a shingles (herpes zoster) infection.
• Fibromyalgia: Used to reduce chronic musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, and muscle tenderness.

• Enhanced Pain Relief
• Improved Sleep
• Mood Stabilization
• Reduced Nerve Sensitivity

Methylprednisolone is a steroid medicine that helps reduce inflammation and overactive immune responses in the body.

Doctors prescribe it to treat:

• Allergies (like asthma, hives)

• Joint pain (like arthritis)

• Skin issues (like eczema)

• Autoimmune diseases (like lupus)

• Some breathing, nerve, and eye problems

It mimics natural hormones from your adrenal glands to calm down inflammation and reduce swelling, redness, and immune overreactions.

Usually taken once a day, with food—often 4 to 32 mg per day, depending on your condition.
Important: Never stop suddenly. Tapering is needed (reduce dose slowly).

Short-term (few days):

• Stomach upset, weight gain, mood swings, trouble sleeping

Long-term (weeks/months):

• High blood sugar, weak bones, infections, skin thinning, eye problems

Methylprednisolone 8mg tablets are a corticosteroid medication with potent anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They are used to treat a wide range of conditions by reducing swelling, redness, pain, and itching, or by calming down an overactive immune system. The "Alu-Alu" packaging refers to the type of blister pack (aluminum-aluminum) it comes in.

Indicated for the treatment of:

• Severe allergic reactions (e.g. asthma, drug reactions)

• Autoimmune diseases (e.g. lupus, rheumatoid arthritis)

• Skin disorders (e.g. dermatitis, psoriasis)

• Inflammatory conditions (e.g. ulcerative colitis, Crohn’s disease)

• Endocrine disorders (e.g. adrenal insufficiency)

• Respiratory diseases (e.g. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations)

• As adjunctive therapy in certain infections like tuberculosis, meningitis

Piperacillin & Tazobactam Injection 4.5 gm is a broad-spectrum beta-lactam/ beta-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic. It contains Piperacillin, a penicillin-class antibiotic, and Tazobactam, a beta-lactamase inhibitor that extends the antibiotic’s spectrum by inhibiting bacterial enzymes that would otherwise degrade Piperacillin. This combination is highly effective against a wide range of gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including resistant strains.

Methylprednisolone 16 mg tablets (often in Alu-Alu packaging, which is a type of blister pack) are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties to treat a wide variety of medical conditions, as prescribed by a doctor.

�� Composition

• Active Ingredient: Methylprednisolone 16 mg

�� Uses

This medication is prescribed to treat a wide range of inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, such as:

• Allergic reactions (severe skin rashes, hives, rhinitis)

• Asthma and chronic lung diseases

• Arthritis and joint pain

• Lupus and other autoimmune diseases

• Eye inflammation (e.g., uveitis)

• Skin disorders (eczema, psoriasis)

• Nephrotic syndrome (a kidney disorder)

• Multiple sclerosis flare-ups

Faropenem 300 mg tablets are a broad-spectrum antibiotic used to treat a variety of severe bacterial infections in adults. The medication works by killing bacteria and is typically prescribed for infections that have not resolved with other antibiotics.

Specific uses:

• Respiratory tract infections, such as pneumonia and bronchitis.
• Urinary tract infections (UTIs).
• Skin and soft tissue infections.
• Gynaecological infections.
• Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections.
• Intra-abdominal infections.

Faromage 300 Tablet contains Faropenem Sodium 300 mg, a broad-spectrum oral beta-lactam antibiotic belonging to the penem group. It is used to treat a variety of bacterial infections, especially those caused by β-lactamase producing and resistant organisms.

Faropenem works by inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis, leading to bacterial cell death. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria

• Respiratory tract infections (including pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, and sinusitis)

• Urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Skin and soft tissue infections

• Ear, nose, and throat (ENT) infections

• Gynecological infections

• Post-operative infections

Cefuroxime Axetil 250 mg Tablets are a second-generation cephalosporin antibiotic used to treat various bacterial infections. Here's a comprehensive overview:

• Active Ingredient: Cefuroxime Axetil 250 mg

• Form: Coated tablets

• Brand Examples: Zefu 250 mg (FDC Ltd), Cefuxime 250 mg (Nectar Lifesciences), Axetim 250 mg (Lupin)

Cefuroxime Axetil is prescribed for:

• Respiratory tract infections

• Acute bacterial sinusitis

• Acute otitis media (middle ear infection)

• Acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis

• Uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs)

• Uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections

• Early Lyme disease

Cefpodoxime Proxetil 200 mg + Clavulanate 125 mg (Alu-Alu) is a powerful antibiotic combination used for bacterial infections like throat (tonsillitis, pharyngitis), ear (otitis media), sinus (sinusitis), lung (pneumonia), skin, and urinary tract infections, plus STIs like gonorrhea, by killing bacteria and overcoming their resistance, but it must be taken as prescribed by a doctor for the full course.

How it works:

• Cefpodoxime: A cephalosporin antibiotic that stops bacteria from forming their protective cell walls, leading to their death.
• Clavulanic Acid: A beta-lactamase inhibitor that blocks enzymes bacteria use to resist antibiotics, making Cefpodoxime more effective.

• Respiratory Infections
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
• Skin Infections
• Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs)

• Allergic conditions (rhinitis, urticaria, allergic conjunctivitis)

• Appetite stimulant in underweight or malnourished individuals

• Adjunctive therapy in anorexia

• Migraine prophylaxis (in select cases)

• Relief from pruritus and allergic skin conditions

How it Works:

• This medication acts as an anticonvulsant, stabilizing electrical activity in the brain to prevent uncontrolled firing that leads to seizures and mood swings.

Fexofenadine 180 mg Tablets is a second-generation, non-sedating antihistamine used to relieve symptoms associated with allergic conditions, including seasonal allergic rhinitis (hay fever) and chronic idiopathic urticaria (hives). It works by blocking histamine H1 receptors, thereby reducing allergic responses such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and skin rashes.

The combination of Acebrophylline 200mg, Fexofenadine 120mg HCL & Montelukast Sodium is primarily used to prevent and treat various respiratory and allergic conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and allergic rhinitis.

• Vaginal candidiasis (yeast infections): A single 150 mg dose is typical, but a 300 mg dose may be used for complicated or severe cases, often in a regimen with other doses.
• Oropharyngeal and esophageal candidiasis (thrush): Infections in the mouth and throat.
• Systemic Candida infections: These are more serious infections affecting various organs, including the lungs, urinary tract, heart, kidneys, abdomen, and bloodstream (candidemia).
• Cryptococcal meningitis: A serious fungal infection of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
• Fungal nail infections (onychomycosis): May be used as a once-weekly dose of 150 mg, 300 mg, or 450 mg for several months.
• Prevention of fungal infections (prophylaxis): In patients with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing cancer treatment, radiation therapy, or bone marrow transplantation, to prevent infections from developing.
• Other dermatological fungal infections: Including athlete's foot, jock itch, and ringworm, where higher or specific dosing regimens are required.

• Prescription Only :Fluconazole 300 mg is a prescription medication and should be used only as directed by a healthcare provider.
• Do Not Stop Early : It is crucial to complete the full course of treatment as prescribed, even if symptoms improve, to ensure the infection is fully eradicated and prevent recurrence or resistance.
• Potential Side Effects: Common side effects can include headache, nausea, diarrhea, stomach pain, and dizziness.
• Consult a Doctor: Inform your doctor about any pre-existing liver, kidney, or heart problems, and any other medications you are taking, as fluconazole can have significant drug interactions.
• Pregnancy/Breastfeeding: Generally not recommended during pregnancy or breastfeeding unless the potential benefits outweigh the risks; consult your doctor for advice.

Osteoarthritis: To manage the signs and symptoms of this degenerative joint disease, including pain, stiffness, and swelling.

Rheumatoid Arthritis: To reduce joint pain, inflammation, and stiffness caused by this autoimmune condition.

Acute Pain: For the short-term relief of mild to moderate pain from other causes, such as injuries or post-surgical pain.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis: The extended-release form of etodolac is also used for children (ages 6 to 16) with this condition, with dosing based on body weight.

Etodolac (400 mg): A nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that works by blocking the production of prostaglandins, chemical messengers responsible for causing pain, inflammation (redness and swelling), and fever.

Thiocolchicoside (4 mg): A muscle relaxant that acts on the centers of the brain and spinal cord to relieve muscle stiffness and spasms, thereby improving muscle movement and flexibility.

Dapagliflozin is an oral anti-diabetic medication. It belongs to the class of drugs called SGLT2 inhibitors (Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 inhibitors). It helps lower blood sugar by causing excess glucose to be excreted through the urine.

• Dapagliflozin 10 mg tablets

• Usually taken once daily, with or without food

• Commonly available under brand names like Forxiga, Dapanta, etc.

1. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – as a single agent or with other medications (e.g. metformin, insulin)

2. Heart Failure (with reduced ejection fraction) – improves symptoms and reduces hospitalization risk

3. Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) – slows progression and reduces cardiovascular risk

Note: It is not used in Type 1 diabetes or for diabetic ketoacidosis.

Telmisartan + Hydrochlorothiazide Tablet is a combination medication used to treat high blood pressure (hypertension). Here’s a detailed overview:

1. Telmisartan

   • Class: Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB)

   • Function: Relaxes blood vessels by blocking the action of angiotensin II, which helps lower blood pressure and reduce strain on the heart.

2. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)

   • Class: Thiazide diuretic ("water pill")

   • Function: Helps the body get rid of excess salt and water through urine, further lowering blood pressure and reducing swelling.

• The two work synergistically: Telmisartan controls the hormone-driven narrowing of blood vessels, and HCTZ reduces fluid overload.

• Used when one medication alone isn’t enough to control blood pressure